Networks- Internet

Dear Students

Welcome back! 
Let us take a break here from Python programing and learn some facts of Networking.

By the end of this session you will be able to:

• Define and apply the terminology related to Internet and Networking
• Understand the historical development of Modern day Internet
• Understand the purpose of PROTOCOLS
• Understand the basic requirements to connect to the Internet. 

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Lets move ahead....
Please note down all the notes shared in your register.

Internet is 

• defined as world wide networks of publicly accessible inter connected computers connected to each other for sharing information 
• called a "network of networks"
• links thousands of computers and other electronic devices at different places  around the world such as universities, research institutions, govt organisations, business houses etc.
• provides lot of services like world wide web, email, online chat, search engines and much more
• These computers and electronic device on dis similar networks communicate on the internet using a common language or set of rules called protocols Internet follows standard internet protocol (IP to transmit and receive data)
• Initial development of internet was started in 1969 by the US Department of Defense called Advanced Research Project Agency. or ARPA This agency created a reliable computer network for its military use called the ARPANET which led the foundation for today's internet.

                                      
Servers are special computers connected to the internet through satellite or other communication channels.

BASIC REQUIREMENTS TO CONNECT TO THE INTERNET ARE :

                              

1. A Computer System- 
• Either desktop or laptop 
• Must have atleast 1GB of RAM
2. A Modem
• device that converts the analog signals to digital and vice versa
• helps the computers to communicate with one another
• connects a computer system to the internet using telephone or cable lines.
• could be internal or external 
3. Telephone/ Cable line
• main communication medium between the client and the server machines
• Normal telephone or cable connection can be used to connect
• Modern options-
• Broadband lines
• ISDN lines
• Wi-Fi
• Satellite
• 3G/4G on cell phones 
4. Internet Service Provider (ISP)
• company/organisation which ensures the setup and functioning of Internet connection.
• Provides access to internet and related  services
• Employ powerful computers called servers for internet connections.
• Charge monthly or yearly charges to provide internet connections.
• Major ISP  in India are Airtel, Reliance VSNL etc.
5. Internet Access Software
• necessary to setup and control the connection of the computer to the internet.
• primarily has two main components:
• Dialer Software- 
• directs the  MODEM to dial a telephone number or a connection number to get the computer  identified at the ISP's computer 
• followed  by authentication (to check your user name and password).
• TCP/IP Software:- 
• allows programs on the computer to communicate over the internet.  
• uses the Internet Protocol Suite
• may be different for different ISPs
6. Internet Application Software(Browser)
• special software that allows you to
• access
• surf through different 
• websites
• webpages
• also known as 
• Internet Browsing software
• web browsers
• browsers
• examples available based on 
• Operating System and 
• type of content to be browsed
• MS Edge
• Google Chrome
• Mozilla Firefox
• Apple Safari

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EXERCISE

This Exercise to be done and submitted to git@stcolumbas.edu.in

1. What is Internet?
2. What are the services provided by the Internet?
3. What is a Computer Network?
4. Define the term "Protocol" in context with computing.
5. Discuss the history of computers.
6. What are the basic requirements to connect to the internet?
7. What is a MODEM? Whare the types of Modems available
8. What is an ISP? Name atleast 4 famous ISPs in India? 
9. What is an Internet Application Software? Give atleast 4 examples.